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Graphene-based sensor could help ward off asthma attacks

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 First Aid Course Canberra. Great Trainers. Excellent hands on practice sessions. Book in today to one of our excellent first aid course Canberra.

by Amirah Al Idrus |

Lungs
Being able to predict the onset of attacks could help asthma sufferers avoid attacks without the use of drugs.

 

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Body Cooling May Help Brain After Cardiac Arrest

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CPR course Canberra. Book in for  CPR course so that you can learn the skills needed to save someone’s life. We provide first aid training at a great cost and in an easy going learning environment.

By Robert Preidt

HealthDay Reporter

WEDNESDAY, May 10, 2017 (HealthDay News) — Cooling the body may reduce the risk of brain damage for cardiac arrest patients in a coma, a leading group of U.S. neurologists says.

The new guideline from the American Academy of Neurology recommends that families of these patients ask if their loved one qualifies for body cooling.

“People who are in a coma after being resuscitated from cardiac arrest require complex neurologic and medical care, and neurologists can play a key role in improving outcomes by providing body cooling,” said guideline committee chair Dr. Romergryko Geocadin.

This guideline recommends that cooling be used more often for patients who qualify, said Geocadin, who is with Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore.

In cardiac arrest, the heart suddenly stops beating. This means blood and oxygen no longer flow to the brain. The longer the heart goes without beating, the greater the risk of brain damage or death.

Research suggests that body cooling reduces the risk of brain damage in cardiac arrest patients. The body is cooled on the surface with cold packs or special blankets, or internally with devices that cool the blood inside the vessels, according to a news release from the academy.

The guideline authors found “strong evidence” that cooling the body to 89.6 to 93.2 degrees Fahrenheit for 24 hours (called therapeutic hypothermia) improves the chance of recovering brain function. “Moderate evidence” supported an approach called targeted temperature management — keeping the body at 96.8 degrees F for 24 hours followed by re-warming to 99.5 degrees F over eight hours.

“While there has been debate about which cooling protocol is best, our guideline found that both therapies have shown the same result,” Geocadin said in the news release. “Families may want to ask their doctor if their loved one qualifies for body cooling.”

The guideline, based on a review of studies conducted over the last 50 years, was published online May 10 in the journal Neurology.

Future studies should attempt to determine optimal temperatures, rates of cooling and re-warming the body, and which cooling methods work best, according to the guideline.

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First Aid Courses Canberra

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First Aid Courses Canberra provide all the training needs of you and your family. We provide first aid courses Canberra with great trainers, excellent hands on experiences and free first aid manuals, parking and CPR face mask.

Women who are exposed to polluted air and stressful situations during their pregnancy are more likely to have children with asthma, a new study claims.

Boys whose mothers were exposed to both of the risk factors were more likely to develop the condition by age six.

Researchers at Mount Sinai said there was already a known link between the race of the mother and the likelihood of being exposed to air pollution.

Now the experts are saying these factors contribute to the respiratory health disparities that ethnically mixed urban populations commonly have.

Women who are exposed to polluted air while they are stressed, have an increased chance their children will have asthma, a new study claims

Women who are exposed to polluted air while they are stressed, have an increased chance their children will have asthma, a new study claims

Lead author Dr Alison Lee, of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, said the research was done to examine why these factors contribute to poor respiratory health in urban communities.

She said: ‘We know from prior research that lower income, ethnically mixed urban populations are more greatly burdened with asthma and other respiratory health problems.

‘Given that populations disproportionately exposed to ambient air pollution are also more likely to be exposed to social stressors such as financial strain, discrimination, housing difficulties, and crime or violence, we were particularly interested in combined effects of both factors starting in early development, even in pregnancy.’

The study looked at more than 700 women who were primarily African-American and Latina, and were pregnant and living in urban settings.

The researchers found that being exposed to high amounts of air pollution during a woman’s second trimester increased the odds for the child developing asthma.

When this was combined with mothers reporting being stressed during this time period, boys had an increased chance of having asthma.

Dr Lee added: ‘Prevention is not a matter of eliminating stress but rather, we need to develop strategies to reduce stress to more normative levels – for example, implementing prenatal programs that provide resources to address the more prevalent stressors or to promote better coping strategies, particularly among disadvantaged, high-risk populations.’

In a recent study by experts at the University of California, Berkeley, they found a correlation between children and teenagers exposed to high levels of traffic pollution and premature aging and asthma.

Those with higher levels had a specific type of DNA damage called telomere shortening – the main cause of age-related break down of our cells.

Telomeres are vital to our health – they can be described as the caps at the end of each strand of DNA that protect our chromosomes, like the plastic tips at the end of shoelaces.

‘Children may be especially vulnerable to the effects of telomeric DNA damage due to their physical development as well as developing immune system,’ wrote Dr John Balmes from the University of California, Berkeley, and his colleagues who carried out the study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

A new study by the Imperial College London found the first evidence that diesel fumes can cause coughing and shortness of breath.

It was known that people with asthma are worse affected than those in less polluted areas.

Researchers can now explain the effect of diesel particles, which are so tiny that the body mistakes them for natural molecules and draws them deep into the lungs.

They discovered diesel fumes trigger a receptor in the airway, starting a chain reaction which causes nerves in the lungs to fire wrongly.

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4531750/Stressed-women-likely-children-asthma.html#ixzz4hriHwzug
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Burns from Sunscreen

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Winter first aid training sessions book now. This poor child. I cant believe this is from sunscreen.  Make sure you book in to a winter first aid training session with Canberra First Aid. We offer training on how to treat burns and also severe allergic reactions.

A CANADIAN mother is pleading with other parents to be cautious when using aerosol spray sunscreen on their children after her 14-month-old daughter suffered second-degree chemical burns on her face.

Rebecca Cannon had purchased Banana Boat Kids SPF50 to protect her daughter Kyla from the sun despite overcast weather, according to a May 8 Facebook post.

“As the day went on, she got a little redder and redder and the next morning she woke up and was swollen, she was bright red, there were blisters starting to pop up,” Cannon told CBC.ca. “We immediately took her up to the doctors and found out she has second degree burns.”

Picture: Rebecca Cannon

Picture: Rebecca CannonSource:Facebook

While Cannon acknowledged that she should have used baby-specific sunscreen, she figured that using a child-specific block advertised as alcohol-free to protect her daughter against the sun was better than nothing.

“I figured just putting it mildly on her face, for some protection rather than having none at all, would be OK and yeah, it didn’t go over well,” Cannon told CBC.ca.

Cannon told the news outlet that her 3-year-old nephew had used the same sunscreen without any adverse effects, but that a doctor treating Kyla said it wasn’t the first case he had seen, and it had the potential to be a severe allergic reaction.

Picture: Rebecca Cannon

Picture: Rebecca CannonSource:Facebook

Cannon updated followers on Facebook in a May 11 post that included details from a visit to a dermatologist. She said the doctor confirmed Kyla suffered second degree chemical burns to her face.

“We are greatly concerned when any person encounters a reaction using our products,” Banana Boat told CBC.ca in a statement.

“We have spoken with the consumer and asked for the product so that our quality assurance team can look into this further. Without examining the product, it is difficult to determine what may have caused the problem as described.”

Picture: Rebecca Cannon

Picture: Rebecca CannonSource:Facebook

Cannon has been sharing other consumer horror stories online and told the CBC.ca she doesn’t understand how the product is still available for purchase.

“I would have never — in a million years — imagined her to get a burn so severe from sunscreen,” Cannon told the news outlet.

Banana Boat has been criticised by many Australian consumers, who say their children also suffered serious burns after using the sunscreen.

The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration says it tested Banana Boat products in 2016 after a number of complaints and found “no evidence of a problem with the quality of any of the sunscreens”.

Banana Boat says research indicates complaints about ineffective sunscreen can often be the result of inaccurate application and not using enough.

It recommends at least seven teaspoons per adult per application.

This article originally appeared on Fox News.

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Anaphylaxis

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First Aid Course Canberra. Here are the details on how to treat anaphylaxis. Even if you don’t get to one of our first aid courses you will have the information to help.

What is anaphylaxis?

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic response that often involves swelling, hives, lowered blood pressure and in severe cases, shock and death. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical treatment, including a prompt injection of epinephrine and a trip to a hospital emergency room. If anaphylactic shock isn’t treated immediately, it can be fatal.

Isn’t this a FD/Paramedic issue?

Ideally, yes. However, if you are on patrol you may be the closest to respond to the 911 call. Anaphylaxis is a severe and sudden allergic reaction. It occurs within minutes of exposure to an allergen. If not treated appropriately, anaphylaxis can turn deadly very quickly. Anaphylactic shock can also occur while a suspect is in your custody both in or outside of a detention facility.

Additionally, failure to recognize anaphylaxis and to seek prompt, appropriate treatment tends to upset everyone who has more stripes or stars than you do, elected officials, and family members as well.  This is truly an ounce of prevention and quick action scenario.

What are the symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction?

The major difference between anaphylaxis and other allergic reactions is that anaphylaxis typically involves more than one system of the body.

  • Red rash (usually itchy and may have welts/hives)
  • Swollen throat or swollen areas of the body
  • Wheezing
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Chest tightness
  • Trouble breathing
  • Hoarse voice
  • Trouble swallowing
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach cramping
  • Pale or red color to the face and body

It is important to remember that, like other allergic reactions, an anaphylactic reaction does not usually occur after the first exposure to an allergen but after a subsequent exposure. You may have an allergic reaction to a bee sting, but the next sting could lead to anaphylaxis.

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Teenagers with asthma have increased risk of anaphylaxis

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First Aid Training Canberra. Yes it appears allergies work together and many with one have more. Make sure you attend a first aid training course to learn the signs and symptoms of both asthma and anaphylaxis and how to treat them. Canberra First Aid Training have courses on every week so book in now.
Lucy Cormack
  • Experts estimate there will be 7.7 million Australians with allergy by 2050. Photo: Patrick Sison
  • Health experts are warning people of the risks of delaying administration of an adrenaline auto injector if anaphylaxis is mistaken for an asthma attack. increasing the risk of fatal attacks. Photo: Eddie Jim
  • Up to two per cent of Australian adolescents aged 10-14 have a nut allergy. Photo: William Meppem
  • Experts estimate there will be 7.7 million Australians with allergy by 2050. Photo: Patrick Sison
  • Health experts are warning people of the risks of delaying administration of an adrenaline auto injector if anaphylaxis is mistaken for an asthma attack. increasing the risk of fatal attacks. Photo: Eddie Jim

Health experts are warning people of the risks of delaying administration of an adrenaline auto injector if anaphylaxis is mistaken for an asthma attack. increasing the risk of fatal attacks. Photo: Eddie Jim

 

Teenagers with food allergy are four times more likely to report having asthma than those without, according to new data from the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute.

The link between asthma and anaphylaxis was made from the results of a study of 10,000 adolescents (aged 10-14) in metropolitan Melbourne.

It found people with multiple food allergies report 10 times the incidence of asthma.

The link has prompted concerns among health professionals, that a teenager’s anaphylactic reaction could be mistaken for an asthma attack, leading to a delay in the administration of a life-saving adrenaline auto injector.

“If a person is coughing, wheezing or experiencing breathing difficulties, sometimes it can be hard to work out if they are having an asthma attack or having anaphylaxis,” said lead researcher Professor Katie Allen, from the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute.

“Instead of immediately administering valuable time can be wasted administering the asthma inhaler.”

The findings come at the launch of Food Allergy Week 2016, which runs from May 15 to 21, and aims to raise awareness about food allergies.

Every year there are around 30,000 new cases of food allergy in Australia. Experts estimate that, at the current rate, there will be 7.7 million Australians with allergy by 2050.

Maria Said, President of Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia, said the rate of allergy incidence in Australia was growing at “an alarming rate.”

“Australia has one of the highest rates of food allergy in the world … With such a rapid increase in food allergy over the last 10 to 15 years, our current generation of teenagers is one of the fastest-growing demographics for allergy management.”

She pointed to the story of 15-year-old Jack Irvine, who tragically died in 2012 after mistakenly eating biscuit containing macadamia nuts.

Suffering from both nut allergies and asthma, Jack’s symptoms initially presented as asthma-related, however his reaction was later identified as anaphylaxis.

Ms Said said Jack’s story proved the importance of allergy education within the community.

In Australia up to two per cent of children and adolescents aged between 10 and 14 suffer from a nut allergy, while five per cent suffer from food allergy.

Professor Allen said the results of the Institute’s study allowed researchers to look at the full spectrum of food allergic disease, including patients who were seeing doctors about their allergies and those who were not.

“A study of this type and size has never been undertaken anywhere in the world,” she said.

“There have unfortunately been some deaths from anaphylaxis in recent years where children with food allergy and asthma have not been seeing an allergist for their problems and we wonder whether they have been poorly educated about the signs and symptoms and that’s been a factor in their death.”

If a person believes they may have eaten a food they are allergic to and they experience breathing difficulties, even if they have asthma, “anaphylaxis should be top consideration,” Professor Allen said.

“And it’s certainly not going to hurt to give the adrenaline anyway.”

The story Teenagers with asthma have increased risk of anaphylaxis, study finds first appeared on The Sydney Morning Herald.

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Anaphylaxis in aged care – First Aid Course Canberra

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First Aid Course Canberra. Providing asthma and anaphylaxis training in Canberra. First aid course with free parking, free certificate, free CPR face mask and free first aid manual. Book now to complete your first aid course Canberra with us at Canberra First Aid.
By on April 12, 2017 in Industry9
An aged care executive is calling on the sector to remove latex from workplaces and be more allergen aware, particularly in kitchens, as part of efforts to raise awareness about dangerous allergic reactions.Ananda Aged Care clinical director Dr Pooja Newman founded Global Anaphylaxis Awareness and Inclusivity (Globalaai) last month, four days after she experienced a near-fatal allergic reaction.

Dr Newman was attending a concert in Adelaide when balloons covered in latex powder were unexpectedly released.

Her campaign, which has already gained thousands of supporters globally, aims to help reduce the stigma of anaphylaxis – a severe and potentially life threatening allergic reaction – and increase safety for those at risk.

Globalaai is calling for:

  • widespread availability of emergency adrenaline – EpiPens – in public venues and food outlets
  • mandatory training for the hospitality industry
  • social awareness and
  • latex-free services in healthcare, retail and public venues.

Pooja Newman

Dr Newman, a medical doctor and the deputy chair of South Australia’s Aged Care Industry Association, wants to create change in aged care and is aiming to introduce a practical template for allergy safety in facilities.

“Ask the questions around anaphylaxis and identify at-risk individuals, support them and be inclusive,” Dr Newman told Australian Ageing Agenda.

“I am lobbying to remove latex in aged care and be allergen aware particularly in kitchens.”

Allergic diseases are among the fastest growing chronic conditions in Australia, affecting one in five Australians while deaths from anaphylaxis have increased by 7 per cent per year for the last seven years, according to the National Allergy Strategy.

Dr Newman, who has survived 30 anaphylactic episodes, is severely allergic to peanuts, all tree nuts and latex including latex associated fruits such as bananas.

“This has been the most severe anaphylaxis I have had and it has taken me longer than usual to recover from feeling weak, a little breathless and flat,” she said.

The release of the balloons covered in latex-powder – done without pre-concert caution that only mentioned strobe lights, pyrotechnics and confetti – was followed by the injection of three EpiPens and four days in intensive care.

Dr Newman is seeking global awareness so people with allergies can be better informed about the risks they may face.

Risks in aged care

Latex, for example, was the cause of occupational latex allergy, which had mild symptoms including a rash, asthma and very rarely anaphylaxis, Dr Newman said.

“We know that latex allergy occurs from exposure to latex and if it is minimised in aged care then latex anaphylaxis could potentially become a problem of the past.”

She said Ananda has been latex free since its inception and that latex-free products including gloves made of vinyl or nitrile were freely available and cost neutral.

Poor awareness and education among aged care staff, cognitive decline among clients and the stigma attached to anaphylaxis were among other key issues for the aged care and retirement living sectors, said Dr Newman.

She is currently discussing her campaign with aged care peak bodies.

Kitchens, particularly in aged care, are not suitably trained for anaphylaxis food safety and cross contamination is an issue that urgently needs to be addressed, Dr Newman argued.

“Older Australians with cognitive decline may not be in a position to advocate for the safety of themselves in terms of identifying their allergies appropriately.

“I see staff in workplaces currently not necessarily declaring life threatening allergies and potentially having their EpiPen in their bag in their locker and having the potential for a life threatening reaction in their workplace,” she said.

Dr Newman said workplaces did not have general use EpiPens, which saved lives as seconds counted from the commencement of an anaphylactic reaction to reversing the process and preventing morbidity and mortality associated with anaphylaxis.

“Aged care facilities in particular often have contractors and visitors including friends and family of residents and these people potentially are at risk from anaphylaxis if staff are not adequately trained to recognise and treat anaphylaxis.”

See the campaign’s website and social media for more information or contact Dr Newman at [email protected].

Comment below to have your say on this story

Send us your news and tip-offs to [email protected] 

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Men help save basketball teammate’s life with first aid

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Get yourself into a first aid course Canberra in the near future so that you can learn CPR skills to save a friends life. We train all of our first aid course Canberra at the Parklands Hotel in Dickson. 

They’re honored by Fire District 3, which stresses value of CPR training

By Andy Matarrese, Columbian Breaking News Reporter

Published: May 11, 2017, 8:28 PM

BATTLE GROUND — As they walked off the court April 24, Jeremy Browning joked with George Tierney, who’s many years his senior, about how Browning’s getting too old for basketball.

“I say, ‘Crap, George, I’m not going to play, my knees are getting that bad,’” Browning said Monday between games at Chief Umtuch Middle School in Battle Ground.

They had just finished a game of basketball in their 35-and-older community league, which plays at the school.

“All I did was turn around,” Browning said, then thud. Tierney, 69, had fallen.

The members of the Over the Hill league sprang to action. They checked his vitals, started chest compressions, called 911 and grabbed one of the school’s automated external defibrillators. Their efforts helped save Tierney’s life.

Clark County Fire District 3 honored the group at a Wednesday evening gathering at Chief Umtuch Middle School.

Between jokes about how a league with a name like Over the Hill seemed a bit broad for a 35-and-older league, school and fire district officials lauded the team’s actions.

Fire District Chief Steve Wrightson said the team’s help meant paramedics arrived to the best situation they could hope for.

“We had CPR-trained people, we had people willing to jump in and help — that doesn’t always happen,” Wrightson said. “And a facility that is prepared with the right equipment.”

He encouraged those present Wednesday to seek out CPR training opportunities, saying District 3 can help.

Des Gomez, a firefighter-paramedic on the crew that responded to the call, said his group arrived to find league members flagging them down and holding open the door to the school, which saved the medics the time of fishing out their master key.

They then ran to the gym to find a group performing CPR on Tierney, and the voice commands coming from the AED.

“We’re thinking, there’s a lot of good things happening here,” Gomez said.

The medics were able to get a pulse, one that steadily grew in strength, and Tierney’s body was strong enough to be resistant to intubation, he said, which was another good sign. Soon after, Tierney was speaking.

“George, you don’t remember this, but we probably had a 15-minute conversation” in the ambulance, Gomez said.

In a cardiac-arrest situation, time counts for a lot, Gomez said. The team members called 911, started CPR and used the AED, all which made their work and that of the doctors in the hospital more likely to succeed.

“We would never get to that point if you guys didn’t do what you did at those first few steps, so by acting, and doing what you did, that’s why were here tonight,” he said. “You guys are really the heroes, you guys are the lifesavers.”

League members Reinhardt, Browning, Geoff Busch, Michael Dolan, Steve Bowers, Roland Dizon and Russ Grant received awards.

There’s an AED in each school in the district, according to Battle Ground Public Schools, and it was the first time one had been used.

Between games Monday, Reinhardt recalled rushing to see what was wrong when Tierney first fell down. He started doing chest compressions, something he’d done many times in his nearly 30 years as a firefighter in Portland.

“But never on a close friend. I’ve known George for 40 years, and I never thought I’d be doing CPR on him,” he said. “It was quite an experience.”

Browning works in construction and leads his company’s safety team. That job comes with regular first aid training, including AEDs and CPR.

It’s not something you ever want to need to know, he said, but he’s glad now.

“One of our old finance guys, a week after a (CPR) class, his neighbor had a heart attack,” Browning said. “He went over there and performed CPR on him and waited until the medics got there. Saved his neighbor’s life.”

Between 20 years in the Navy and 11 years working around high-voltage lines with the Bonneville Power Administration, Dizon had ample first aid experience, he said Monday.

Dizon was the one who grabbed the AED.

“Before we were, like, teammates,” he said. “Now we’re like family.”

Between handshakes and hugs at Wednesday’s event, a standing and moving Tierney didn’t appear obviously worse for the wear, despite the quadruple-bypass surgery he underwent at the hospital.

He’s supposed to rest for the next six weeks, he said, and then he can start physical therapy. He also referees high school basketball games, and he hopes to be able to go back next season — and get back to playing basketball himself.

“I just have to thank God they did what they did, because I wouldn’t be here otherwise,” he said. “I don’t know how I can thank them.”

After the speeches Wednesday, many of the league members went back to the school’s gym to play basketball.

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Understanding First Aid for Diabetes

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First aid course in Canberra with Canberra First Aid will give you the skills to manage a diabetic patient. Our first aid course is the best in Canberra with experienced instructors and hands on experiential learning. Book in today to receive our great discounted rate.

There are approximately 1.7 million Australians who have diabetes.  This is an alarming statistic especially considering that an estimated 500,000 of these sufferers have not been medically diagnosed.

Diabetes is the medical condition when the insulin hormone is not being produced at sufficient levels for the body to convert glucose into energy and function properly.  There are several types of diabetes and several causes of diabetes which is important to understand if you are treating someone for this medical condition.

Types of Diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes is not caused by lifestyle and there has been no official diagnosis of any other apparent causes, however there is speculation that it can be passed through genetics and is typically diagnosed before the age of 30. There is no cure for Type 1 Diabetes and requires consistent management of regular insulin injections or use of an insulin pump.

Type 2 Diabetes: Type 2 Diabetes is more common in adults over the age of 45, particularly those who are overweight or have a family history of the condition. 85%-90% of diagnosed diabetes is Type 2 Diabetes and can be instigated through lifestyle conditions such as poor diet, alcohol consumption and smoking. This diabetes is progressive and there is no known cure for the disease and is managed through regular insulin intake, oral medication and lifestyle changes.

Gestational Diabetes: Gestational Diabetes occurs during pregnancy and typically resolves after the baby is born. This is diagnosed in a standard 24-28-week Glucose Challenge Test (GCT) and can be managed throughout the pregnancy.  Particular risk factors of developing Gestational Diabetes includes family history, particular ethnic backgrounds, being overweight and prior medical conditions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Diabetes can be dangerous when insulin levels become so low that the patient cannot function with some even slipping into an insulin coma. In most situations, someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes will often carry a supply of insulin with them, however, it can be beneficial if you have a basic understanding of the symptoms before they get to a stage where they need medical intervention.

Sometimes that intervention may simply be fetching them a sugary drink or water while other more serious situations may require medical professionals. If someone who is suffering from diabetes shows any of the following symptoms, intervention will be required:

  • Feeling faint and/or dizzy
  • Confusion
  • Sudden perspiration
  • Shaking
  • Sudden hunger

These symptoms are the body’s way of indicating that insulin levels are too low.  If left untreated, a diabetic could lose consciousness which is why it is important when treating someone for these above symptoms, that you firstly establish if the patient is diabetic as this will affect the way in which they need to be treated.

There are many credible websites and organisations  where information on treating, diagnosing and managing diabetes can be found such as Diabetes Australia and Diabetes Queensland.

Also check out our upcoming first aid course at Dickson www.canberrafirstaid.com

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Top Ten First Aid Tips

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First Aid Course Canberra. Book in to a first aid course in Canberra on our website at www.canberrafirstaid.com. We offer excellent training programs for all first aid courses including the HLTAID001 Provide CPR, HLTAID003 Provide first aid and HLTAID004 Provide an Emergency Response in and Education and Care Setting.

First aid is the life saving, critical help given to an injured or a sick person before medical aid arrives. This timely assistance, comprising of simple medical techniques, is most critical to the victims and is, often, life saving. Any layperson can be trained to administer first aid, which can be carried out using minimal equipments.

 First aid is the life saving, critical help given to an injured or a sick person before medical aid arrives. This timely assistance, comprising of simple medical techniques, is most critical to the victims and is, often, life saving. Any layperson can be trained to administer first aid, which can be carried out using minimal equipments. Bleeding nose A nosebleed occurs when blood vessels inside the nose break. Because they’re delicate, this can happen easily. When this happens, lean slightly forward and pinch your nose just below the bridge, where the cartilage and the bone come together. Maintain the pressure for 5 to 15 minutes. Pressing an ice pack against the bridge can also help. Do not tilt your head back if your nose bleeds as you may swallow blood which can potentially go in your lungs. If the bleeding doesn’t stop after 20 minutes or if it accompanies a headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears, or vision problems, please consult a health expert.
Sponsored Links by Taboola 5/15/2017 Top Ten First Aid Tips http://www.ndtv.com/health/top­ten­first­aid­tips­1670115 2/5
A Sprain Sprains occur when the ligaments surrounding a joint are pulled beyond their normal range. Sprains are often accompanied by bruising and swelling. Alternately apply and remove ice every 20 minutes throughout the first day. Wrapping the joint with an elastic compression bandage and elevating the limb may also help. Stay off the injury for at least 24 hours. After that, apply heat to promote blood flow to the area. If the injury doesn’t improve in a few days, you may have a fracture or a muscle or ligament tear so call a doctor.
A Burn If there’s a burn place it under cool (not cold) running water, submerge it in a bath and loosely bandage a first­ or second­ degree burn for protection. Do not put an ice pack on major burns. Ice can damage the skin and worsen the injury. Don’t pop blisters. Don’t apply an antibiotic or butter to burns as this can breed infection. First­degree burns produce redness while second­ degree burns cause blisters and third ­degree burns result in broken or blackened skin. Rush to doctor if the victim is coughing, has watery eyes, or is having trouble breathing.
Choking True choking is rare but when a person is really choking, he can’t cough strongly, speak, or breathe, and his face may turn red or blue. For a victim of age one or older have the person lean forward and, using the palm of your hand, strike his back between the shoulder blades five times. If that doesn’t work, stand behind the victim, place one fist above the belly button, cup the fist with your other hand, and push in and up toward the ribs five times. If you’re alone, press your abdomen against something firm or use your hands. Do not give water or anything else to someone who is coughing.
Poisoning Potential household hazards include cleaning supplies, carbon monoxide and pesticides. Bites and stings can also be poisonous to some people. If a person is unconscious or having trouble breathing, call the doctor. Do not wait until symptoms appear to call for help. And don’t try to induce vomiting. The poison could cause additional damage when it comes back up. The victim shouldn’t eat or drink anything in case of suspected poisoning.
Animal Bites In case of an animal bite, stop the bleeding by applying direct pressure until it stops. Gently clean with soap and warm water. Rinse for several minutes after cleaning. Apply antibiotic cream to reduce risk of infection, and cover with a sterile bandage. Get medical help if the animal bite is more than a superficial scratch or if the animal was a wild or stray one, regardless of the severity of the injury.
Bruises Ice the area on and off for the first 24 to ­48 hours. Apply ice for about 15 minutes at a time, and always put something like a towel or wash cloth between the ice and your skin. Take a painkiller if there is pain. Visit your doctor if the bruise is accompanied with extreme pain, swelling or redness; if the person is taking a blood­ thinning medication or if he /she cannot move a joint or may have a broken bone.
Diarrhea During diarrhea its essential to treat dehydration. Give an adult plenty of clear fluid, like fruit juices, soda, sports drinks and clear broth. Avoid milk or milk­ based products and caffeine while you have diarrhea and for 3 to 5 days after you get better. Milk can make diarrhea worse. Give a child or infant frequent sips of a rehydration solution. Make sure the person drinks more fluids than they are losing through diarrhea. Have the person rest as needed and avoid strenuous exercise. Keep a sick child home from school and give banana, rice, apple and toast. For an adult, add semisolid and low ­fiber foods gradually as diarrhea stops. Avoid spicy, greasy, or fatty foods.
Eye Injury If there is chemical exposure, don’t rub your eyes. Immediately wash out the eye with lots of water and get medical help while you are doing this. Do not bandage the eye. If there has been a blow to the eye apply a cold compress, but don’t put pressure on the eye. If there is any bruising, bleeding, change in vision, or if it hurts when the eye moves, see a doctor right away. For a foreign particle in the eye ­ don’t rub the eye, pull the upper lid down and blink repeatedly. If particle is still there, rinse with eyewash. If this too doesn’t help, see your doctor.
Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not cFRlaOiMmTrHeEsWpoEBnsibility for this information.

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